1. Masada National Park — Judean Desert, above the western shore
Herod's cliff-top fortress and the Roman siege ramp — Israel's most visited site.
Masada is a rock plateau above the western shore of the Dead Sea holding the remains of Herod's fortress-palace, later the site of the Roman siege of 73 CE, and it is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The northern palace stepping down the cliff face, the storerooms, the bathhouse and the Roman siege ramp still visible below are all remarkable, and the setting a thousand feet above the lowest point on Earth does much of the rest.
You can walk up the Snake Path or take the cable car. In summer the path closes in the middle of the day for safety, which tells you what you need to know about the heat.
Good to know: The Snake Path opens before dawn for the sunrise climb — it is the best hour of any Dead Sea trip.