1. Cafelix — Roastery in Jaffa; bars across Tel Aviv
The roaster that made specialty coffee normal in Israel, and still the benchmark.
Cafelix roasts in Jaffa and pours in a scatter of small bars around Tel Aviv, and is the name most people in the Israeli coffee scene will give you first. It has been running long enough to have trained a good share of the country's baristas.
The espresso is consistent across the branches, the filter menu rotates through single origins, and the bars are deliberately small — a counter, a couple of stools, coffee to take away.
If you only have time for one, this is the safe answer, and the beans are widely stocked in good cafes elsewhere in the country.
Good to know: Ask what is on filter rather than defaulting to espresso — the rotating single origins are where the interest is.