1. Masada National Park — Judean Desert, above the Dead Sea
Herod's desert fortress on a plateau, and the most visited site in Israel for good reason.
Masada is a rock plateau above the Dead Sea holding the remains of Herod's fortress-palace, later the site of the Roman siege of 73 CE. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and consistently the most visited national park in Israel among foreign visitors.
The ruins themselves are remarkable — the northern palace stepping down the cliff face, the storerooms, the bathhouse and the Roman siege ramp still clearly visible below. The setting, a thousand feet above the lowest point on earth, does much of the work.
You can walk up the Snake Path or take the cable car. In summer the path closes in the middle of the day for safety, which tells you what you need to know about the heat.
Good to know: Go for sunrise — the Snake Path opens before dawn and the light over the Dead Sea is the reason to do it.